Abstract

The upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), on immune cells occurs during acute infections, such as malaria, as well as during chronic persistent viral infections, including HIV and hepatitis B virus. These pathways are important for preventing immune-driven pathology but can also limit immune-mediated clearance of the infection. The recent success of immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy suggests that targeting these pathways would also be effective for preventing and treating a range of infectious diseases. Here, we review our current understanding of immune checkpoint pathways in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and discuss the potential for therapeutically targeting these pathways in this setting.

Authors	Wykes, Michelle N; Lewin, Sharon R
Journal	Nature reviews. Immunology
Pages	91-104
Volume	18
Date	1/10/2017
Grant ID
Funding Body	National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (Australia)
URL	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10.1038/nri.2017.112